\documentclass[11 pt,xcolor={dvipsnames,svgnames,x11names,table}]{beamer} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{polski} \usetheme[ bullet=circle, % Other option: square bigpagenumber, % circled page number on lower right topline=true, % colored bar at the top of the frame shadow=false, % Shading for beamer blocks watermark=BG_lower, % png file for the watermark ]{Flip} %\logo{\kern+1.em\includegraphics[height=1cm]{SHiP-3_LightCharcoal}} \usepackage[lf]{berenis} \usepackage[LY1]{fontenc} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{emerald} \usefonttheme{professionalfonts} \usepackage[no-math]{fontspec} \defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text} % This seems to be important for mapping glyphs properly \setmainfont{Gillius ADF} % Beamer ignores "main font" in favor of sans font \setsansfont{Gillius ADF} % This is the font that beamer will use by default % \setmainfont{Gill Sans Light} % Prettier, but harder to read \setbeamerfont{title}{family=\fontspec{Gillius ADF}} \input t1augie.fd %\newcommand{\handwriting}{\fontspec{augie}} % From Emerald City, free font %\newcommand{\handwriting}{\usefont{T1}{fau}{m}{n}} % From Emerald City, free font % \newcommand{\handwriting}{} % If you prefer no special handwriting font or don't have augie %% Gill Sans doesn't look very nice when boldfaced %% This is a hack to use Helvetica instead %% Usage: \textbf{\forbold some stuff} %\newcommand{\forbold}{\fontspec{Arial}} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[export]{adjustbox} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{colortbl} \usepackage{mathrsfs} % For Weinberg-esque letters \usepackage{cancel} % For "SUSY-breaking" symbol \usepackage{slashed} % for slashed characters in math mode \usepackage{bbm} % for \mathbbm{1} (unit matrix) \usepackage{amsthm} % For theorem environment \usepackage{multirow} % For multi row cells in table \usepackage{arydshln} % For dashed lines in arrays and tables \usepackage{siunitx} \usepackage{xhfill} \usepackage{grffile} \usepackage{textpos} \usepackage{subfigure} \usepackage{tikz} %\usepackage{hepparticles} \usepackage[italic]{hepparticles} \usepackage{hepnicenames} % Drawing a line \tikzstyle{lw} = [line width=20pt] \newcommand{\topline}{% \tikz[remember picture,overlay] {% \draw[crimsonred] ([yshift=-23.5pt]current page.north west) -- ([yshift=-23.5pt,xshift=\paperwidth]current page.north west);}} % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % \usepackage{tikzfeynman} % For Feynman diagrams \usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes} \usetikzlibrary{trees} \usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows} % For commutative diagram % http://www.felixl.de/commu.pdf \usetikzlibrary{positioning} % For "above of=" commands \usetikzlibrary{calc,through} % For coordinates \usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing} % For curly braces % http://www.math.ucla.edu/~getreuer/tikz.html \usepackage{pgffor} % For repeating patterns \usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing} % For Feynman Diagrams \usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings} \tikzset{ % >=stealth', %% Uncomment for more conventional arrows vector/.style={decorate, decoration={snake}, draw}, provector/.style={decorate, decoration={snake,amplitude=2.5pt}, draw}, antivector/.style={decorate, decoration={snake,amplitude=-2.5pt}, draw}, fermion/.style={draw=gray, postaction={decorate}, decoration={markings,mark=at position .55 with {\arrow[draw=gray]{>}}}}, fermionbar/.style={draw=gray, postaction={decorate}, decoration={markings,mark=at position .55 with {\arrow[draw=gray]{<}}}}, fermionnoarrow/.style={draw=gray}, gluon/.style={decorate, draw=black, decoration={coil,amplitude=4pt, segment length=5pt}}, scalar/.style={dashed,draw=black, postaction={decorate}, decoration={markings,mark=at position .55 with {\arrow[draw=black]{>}}}}, scalarbar/.style={dashed,draw=black, postaction={decorate}, decoration={markings,mark=at position .55 with {\arrow[draw=black]{<}}}}, scalarnoarrow/.style={dashed,draw=black}, electron/.style={draw=black, postaction={decorate}, decoration={markings,mark=at position .55 with {\arrow[draw=black]{>}}}}, bigvector/.style={decorate, decoration={snake,amplitude=4pt}, draw}, } % TIKZ - for block diagrams, % from http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/control-system-principles/ % \usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows} \tikzstyle{block} = [draw, rectangle, minimum height=3em, minimum width=6em] \usetikzlibrary{backgrounds} \usetikzlibrary{mindmap,trees} % For mind map \newcommand{\degree}{\ensuremath{^\circ}} \newcommand{\E}{\mathrm{E}} \newcommand{\Var}{\mathrm{Var}} \newcommand{\Cov}{\mathrm{Cov}} \newcommand\Ts{\rule{0pt}{2.6ex}} % Top strut \newcommand\Bs{\rule[-1.2ex]{0pt}{0pt}} % Bottom strut \graphicspath{{images/}} % Put all images in this directory. Avoids clutter. % SOME COMMANDS THAT I FIND HANDY % \renewcommand{\tilde}{\widetilde} % dinky tildes look silly, dosn't work with fontspec \newcommand{\comment}[1]{\textcolor{comment}{\footnotesize{#1}\normalsize}} % comment mild \newcommand{\Comment}[1]{\textcolor{Comment}{\footnotesize{#1}\normalsize}} % comment bold \newcommand{\COMMENT}[1]{\textcolor{COMMENT}{\footnotesize{#1}\normalsize}} % comment crazy bold \newcommand{\Alert}[1]{\textcolor{Alert}{#1}} % louder alert \newcommand{\ALERT}[1]{\textcolor{ALERT}{#1}} % loudest alert %% "\alert" is already a beamer pre-defined \newcommand*{\Scale}[2][4]{\scalebox{#1}{$#2$}}% \def\Put(#1,#2)#3{\leavevmode\makebox(0,0){\put(#1,#2){#3}}} \usepackage{gmp} \usepackage[final]{feynmp-auto} \usepackage[backend=bibtex,style=numeric-comp,firstinits=true]{biblatex} \bibliography{bib} \setbeamertemplate{bibliography item}[text] \makeatletter\let\frametextheight\beamer@frametextheight\makeatother % suppress frame numbering for backup slides % you always need the appendix for this! \newcommand{\backupbegin}{ \newcounter{framenumberappendix} \setcounter{framenumberappendix}{\value{framenumber}} } \newcommand{\backupend}{ \addtocounter{framenumberappendix}{-\value{framenumber}} \addtocounter{framenumber}{\value{framenumberappendix}} } \definecolor{links}{HTML}{2A1B81} %\hypersetup{colorlinks,linkcolor=,urlcolor=links} % For shapo's formulas: \def\lsi{\raise0.3ex\hbox{$<$\kern-0.75em\raise-1.1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}} \def\gsi{\raise0.3ex\hbox{$>$\kern-0.75em\raise-1.1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}} \newcommand{\lsim}{\mathop{\lsi}} \newcommand{\gsim}{\mathop{\gsi}} \newcommand{\wt}{\widetilde} %\newcommand{\ol}{\overline} \newcommand{\Tr}{\rm{Tr}} \newcommand{\tr}{\rm{tr}} \newcommand{\eqn}[1]{&\hspace{-0.7em}#1\hspace{-0.7em}&} \newcommand{\vev}[1]{\rm{$\langle #1 \rangle$}} \newcommand{\abs}[1]{\rm{$\left| #1 \right|$}} \newcommand{\eV}{\rm{eV}} \newcommand{\keV}{\rm{keV}} \newcommand{\GeV}{\rm{GeV}} \newcommand{\im}{\rm{Im}} \newcommand{\disp}{\displaystyle} \def\be{\begin{equation}} \def\ee{\end{equation}} \def\ba{\begin{eqnarray}} \def\ea{\end{eqnarray}} \def\d{\partial} \def\l{\left(} \def\r{\right)} \def\la{\langle} \def\ra{\rangle} \def\e{{\rm e}} \def\Br{{\rm Br}} \author{ {\fontspec{Trebuchet MS}Marcin Chrz\k{a}szcz} (Universit\"{a}t Z\"{u}rich)} \institute{UZH} \title[$\PLambda_b \to \PLambda_c^{\ast} \ell \nu$ Zurich update]{$\PLambda_b \to \PLambda_c^{\ast} \ell \nu$ Zurich update} \date{5 February 2016} \begin{document} \tikzstyle{every picture}+=[remember picture] { \setbeamertemplate{sidebar right}{\llap{\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth,height=\paperheight]{bubble2}}} \begin{frame}[c]%{\phantom{title page}} \begin{center} \begin{center} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.75\textwidth} \flushright\fontspec{Trebuchet MS}\bfseries \Huge {$\PLambda_b \to \PLambda_c^{\ast} \ell \nu$ Zurich update} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.02\textwidth} {~} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.23\textwidth} % \hspace*{-1.cm} \vspace*{-3mm} \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{lhcb-logo} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{center} \quad \vspace{3em} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.44\textwidth} \flushright \vspace{-1.8em} {\fontspec{Trebuchet MS} \Large Marcin ChrzÄ…szcz\\\vspace{-0.1em} Nicola Serra \\\vspace{-0.1em} Elena Graverini} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.53\textwidth} \includegraphics[height=1.3cm]{uzh-transp} \end{column} \end{columns} \vspace{1em} % \footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{With N. Serra, B. Storaci\\Thanks to the theory support from M. Shaposhnikov, D. Gorbunov}\normalsize\\ \vspace{0.5em} \textcolor{normal text.fg!50!Comment}{$R(\Lambda_c^{\ast})$ meeting, Zurich\\February 17, 2016} \end{center} \end{frame} } \begin{frame}[c]{Introduction} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} The matrix elements for our $\PLambdab$ decays are depended on $F_{1,..,4}$ and $G_{1,...,4}$ form factors: \begin{tiny} %\scalebox{0.8}{ \begin{equation} \langle \Lambda_{c}^{1/2^-}(p', s') | V_{\mu}| \Lambda_{b}(p, s)\rangle = \overline{u}(p', s')\left(F_1(q^2) \gamma_{\mu} + F_2(q^2) \frac{ p_\mu}{m_{\Lambda_Q}} + F_3(q^2)\frac{ p'_\mu}{m_{\Lambda_q}} \right) u(p,s), \nonumber \end{equation} \begin{equation} \langle \Lambda_{c}^{1/2^-}(p', s')| A_{\mu}| \Lambda_{b}(p, s)\rangle = \overline{u}(p', s')\left(G_1(q^2) \gamma_{\mu} + G_2(q^2) \frac{ p_\mu}{m_{\Lambda_Q}} + G_3(q^2)\frac{ p'_\mu}{m_{\Lambda_q}}\right) \gamma_{5} u(p,s), \nonumber \end{equation} \begin{equation} \langle \Lambda_{c}^{3/2^-}(p', s')| V_{\mu}| \Lambda_{b}(p, s)\rangle= \overline{u}^\alpha(p', s')\left[ \frac{p_\alpha}{m_{\Lambda_Q}}\left(F_1\gamma_{\mu} + F_2\frac{ p_\mu}{m_{\Lambda_Q}} + F_3\frac{ p'_\mu}{m_{\Lambda_q^{3/2}}}\right)+F_4 g_{\alpha\mu}\right] u(p,s), \nonumber \end{equation} \begin{equation} \langle \Lambda_{c}^{3/2^-}(p', s')| A_{\mu}| \Lambda_{b}(p, s)\rangle = \overline{u}^\alpha(p', s')\left[ \frac{p_\alpha}{m_{\Lambda_Q}}\left(G_1 \gamma_\mu + G_2\frac{ p_\mu}{m_{\Lambda_Q}} + G_3 \frac{ p'_\mu}{m_{\Lambda_q^{3/2}}}\right)+G_4 g_{\alpha\mu}\right]\gamma_{5} u(p,s). \nonumber \end{equation} ,where $\overline{u}^\alpha(p', s')$ is a nasty Rarita-Swinger spinor. %} \end{tiny} \end{minipage} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[c]{What is in the simulation?} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} $\Rrightarrow$ The simulation that we have uses the form factors calculated in \href{http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0503030v1.pdf}{arXiv:nucl-th/0503030}\\ $\Rrightarrow$ In this paper the form factors are calculated in constituent quark model.\\ $\Rrightarrow$ Let me quote a theorists that wants to remain anonymous: ,,it's not even wrong''.\\ $\Rrightarrow$ Never the less this is what Syracuse is using and is now in the simulation $\rightarrow$ we will reweigh our MC.\\ $\Rrightarrow$ To do so, we firstly looked at reproducing the calculations from \texttt{EvtGen}. \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[c]{Form factor calculus} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} $\Rrightarrow$ So in \texttt{EvtGen} the calculations of From Factors are done only in the harmonic oscillator basis.\\{~}\\ \begin{tiny} \begin{tabular}{|l|cccccccc|} \hline model & $m_\sigma$ (GeV)& $m_s$ (GeV) & $m_c$ (GeV) & $m_b$ (GeV) & $b$ (GeV$^2$) & $\alpha_{\rm Coul}$ \,\,\,\,\,\,& $\alpha_{\rm hyp}$ & $C_{qqq}$ (GeV) \\\hline HONR & 0.40& 0.65& 1.89 & 5.28 & 0.14 &0.45 & 0.81 & -1.20 \\ HOSR & 0.38& 0.59& 1.83 & 5.17 & 0.17 &0.09 & 0.26 & -1.45 \\ STNR & 0.40& 0.64& 1.87 & 5.28 & 0.13 &0.35 & 0.31 & -1.22 \\ STSR & 0.34& 0.57& 1.78 & 5.22 & 0.15 &0.19 & 0.11 & -1.23 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{tiny} $\Rrightarrow$ On top of this you also have the wave size: \begin{tiny} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \begin{tabular}{|l|l|cccc|} \hline $J^P$ & model & $\Lambda_b$ & $\Lambda_c$ & $\Lambda$ & $N$ \\ & & $\left(\alpha_\lambda,\,\,\,\,\alpha_\rho\right)$ & $\left(\alpha_\lambda,\,\,\,\,\alpha_\rho\right)$ & $\left(\alpha_\lambda,\,\,\,\,\alpha_\rho\right)$ & $\left(\alpha_\lambda,\,\,\,\,\alpha_\rho\right)$ \\ \hline $1/2^+$ &HONR & (0.59, 0.61)& (0.55, 0.58) & (0.49, 0.53) & 0.48\\ $1/2^+$ &HOSR & (0.68, 0.68)& (0.60, 0.61) & (0.52, 0.57)& 0.54\\ $1/2^+$ & STNR & (0.44, 0.66)& (0.41, 0.69) & (0.35, 0.75)&- \\ $1/2^+$ & STSR & (0.46, 0.64)& (0.43, 0.67) & (0.38, 0.72) &-\\ \hline $1/2^-$ & HONR & -& (0.47, 0.49) & (0.40, 0.47) &0.37\\ $1/2^-$ & HOSR & -& (0.55, 0.59) & (0.48, 0.54) &0.46 \\ $1/2^-$ &STNR & -& (0.60, 0.50) & (0.55, 0.54) &- \\ $1/2^-$ &STSR & -& (0.61, 0.49) & (0.58, 0.51) &-\\ \hline $3/2^+$ &HONR & -& - & - & 0.35\\ $3/2^+$ &HOSR & -& -& -& 0.44\\\hline $5/2^+$ &HONR & -& - & - & 0.35\\ $5/2^+$ &HOSR & -& -& -& 0.46\\\hline \end{tabular} \end{tiny} \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[c]{Form factor results (example $\PLambda_c^{1/2+}$)} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} \begin{columns} \column{2.5in} \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{images/FF_paper.png} \column{2.5in} \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=0.95\textwidth]{images/FF.pdf} \end{columns} $\Rrightarrow$ So I check each of the three Form factors with calculations from \texttt{EvtGen} and they are in perfect agreement.\\ \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \begin{frame}[c]{Reweighing the MC} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} {~}\\ Some maths: \begin{columns} \column{0.24\textwidth} \begin{equation} u^{(1)}=N\begin{pmatrix} 1\\ 0\\ \frac{p_z}{E+m}\\ \frac{p_x+i p_y}{E+m} \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} \column{0.24\textwidth} \begin{equation} u^{(2)}=N\begin{pmatrix} 0\\ 1\\ \frac{p_x-i p_y}{E+m}\\ \frac{-p_z}{E+m} \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} \column{0.24\textwidth} \begin{equation} \nu^{(1)}=N\begin{pmatrix} \frac{p_x-i p_y}{E+m}\\ \frac{-p_z}{E+m}\\ 0\\ 1 \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} \column{0.24\textwidth} \begin{equation} \nu^{(2)}=N\begin{pmatrix} \frac{p_z}{E+m}\\ \frac{p_x+i p_y}{E+m}\\ 1\\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} \end{columns} $\Rightarrow$ Should be the standard representation but in case I missed a minus sign let me know! Now the gamma matrix: \begin{tiny} \begin{columns} \column{0.19\textwidth} \begin{equation} \gamma^0=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & -1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & -1\\ \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} \column{0.19\textwidth} \begin{equation} \gamma^1=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & 1\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 0 & 0\\ -1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} \column{0.19\textwidth} \begin{equation} \gamma^2=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & -i\\ 0 & 0 & i & 0\\ 0 & i & 0 & 0\\ -i & 0 & 0 & 0\\ \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} \end{columns} \begin{columns} \column{0.19\textwidth} \begin{equation} \gamma^3=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & -1\\ -1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\ \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} \column{0.19\textwidth} \begin{equation} \gamma^5=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1\\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\ \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} \end{columns} \end{tiny} \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[c]{Lepton current} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} {~}\\ $\Rrightarrow$ Now the lepton current can be written as: \begin{equation} l_{\mu} = \overline{\nu} (\gamma_{\mu} - \gamma_{\mu}\gamma_5) \mu \nonumber \end{equation} $\Rrightarrow$ There are two possibilities: Either you use for the lepton $u^{(1)}$ or $u^{(2)}$. Neutrino is always left-handed: \begin{equation} \nu=N\begin{pmatrix} \frac{p_x-i p_y}{E+m}\\ 1\\ -\frac{p_x-i p_y}{E+m}\\ -1 \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \end{equation} $\Rrightarrow$ In total we sum over two leptonic currents. \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[c]{Hadronic current} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} {~}\\ $\Rrightarrow$ Now the hadronic is a more complicated beast: \begin{equation} h_{\mu} = \overline{u} [[\gamma_{\mu} - \gamma_{\mu}\gamma_5][F_1/G_1(q^2) \gamma_{\mu} + F_2/G_2(q^2) \frac{ p_\mu}{m_{\Lambda_Q}} + F_3/G_3(q^2)] u \nonumber \end{equation} $\Rrightarrow$ Here I am showing you the simplest $\PLambda_b^{1/2+} \to \PLambda_c^{1/2+}$ transition.\\ $\Rrightarrow$ Others will heave a $\gamma_5$ and minuses in some places to invert in other cases. $\Rrightarrow$ There will be 4 harmonic currents for $1/2+ \to 1/2\pm$ transition and 8 for the the $1/2+ \to 3/2-$ one.\\ $\Rrightarrow$ NB. the $1/2+ \to 3/2-$ will be described by the Rarita-Schiwnger spinor which is more complicated and didn't want to fit on the slide, so you will have to thrust me on this one :P \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[c]{Current-Current part} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} {~}\\ Now we calculate all possible combinations: \begin{equation} M = \sum_{i=1}^{4/8} \sum_{j=1}^{2} h_i l_j \nonumber \end{equation} $\Rrightarrow$ And the probability: \begin{equation} P=M M^{\ast} \nonumber \end{equation} $\Rrightarrow$ Now the main purpose of this study was tu study the impact of the form factors on our analysis, that is why I omitted all the constant as they will drop out in the ratio. \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[c]{Results of the reweighing} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} {~}\\ \begin{columns} \column{0.5\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{images/q2.png} \column{0.5\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{{images/FF_var}.png} \end{columns} \begin{columns} \column{0.5\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{images/weights.png} \column{0.5\textwidth} $\Rrightarrow$ No strong dependence on the form factor! \end{columns} \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \begin{frame}[c]{Summary} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} \begin{itemize} \item Form factors implemented with all the algebraic structure of $V-A$ currents. \item Working on matrix element computations. \item Reweighing should follow. \item Once that is ready we will test with of the discriminating variables are less form factor independent so they can be used in the selection. \end{itemize} \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[c]{TO do} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} {~}\\ \begin{itemize} \item Validate the code: \begin{itemize} \item Validate the code as it still fresh. \item Check the C++ implementation for $1/2-$ and $3/2-$. \item Write the calculations in mathematica for cross-check. \item Check with Danny EOS implementation. \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[c]{Selection} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} {~}\\ \begin{itemize} \item On my normal web page I have added the wrong sign combination: $\PLambdab \to \PLambda_c \mu^+$. \item We will use them for the combinatorial background. \end{itemize} \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \iffalse \begin{frame}[c]{Selection} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} {~}\\ \end{minipage} \vspace*{2.cm} \end{frame} \fi \backupbegin \begin{frame}\frametitle{Backup} \topline \end{frame} \backupend \end{document}