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% title slide definition
\title{Search for LFV decays at LHCb}
\author{Marcin Chrz\k{a}szcz}
\institute[Institute of Nuclear Physics]
{
Institute of Nuclear Physics,
\newline University of Zurich

}


\date{$19^{th}$ September 2013}

%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%                           Introduction
%--------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{document}



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    \includegraphics[height=.8cm,keepaspectratio ]{pic/ifj.png}
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\section[Outline]{}
\begin{frame}
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}







%-------------------------------------------------------------------
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}\frametitle{LFV hunting, "Who ordered that?" I. Rabi}

\begin{small}
The history of LFV dates back to the discovery of muon:

\begin{itemize}
\item After discovery of $\mu$ it was natural to think about it as an excited electron.
\item Unless you have an other neutrino.
\end{itemize}
\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{pic/mu2egamma.png}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{pic/cmms.png}


\begin{itemize}
\item Analogy to GIM mechanism.
\end{itemize}


\end{small}

	\textref { M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}

%\section{Lepton Flavour Violation}
\section{$\tau$ decays}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{$\tau$ decays}
\begin{center}
%{\Huge{$\tau$ decays}}

{~}
\begin{block}{}
        \circled{1} $\Ptauon\to\Pmuon\Pmuon\APmuon$ \\
        \circled{2} $\Ptauon\to\APproton\Pmuon\APmuon$       
    \end{block}

\end{center}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%



\subsection{$\Ptauon\to\Pmuon\Pmuon\APmuon$}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Curent status}


\frametitle{LFV in $\Ptauon$ sector}%$\PBminus\to h^{+}\ell^{-}\ell^{-}$}
\only<1>{
\Large{$\Ptauon\to\Pmuon\Pmuon\APmuon$}
}
\only<2>{



\begin{center}
\begin{block}{}
		\circled{1} In SM small   $\mathcal{B}( \Ptauon\to\Pmuon\Pmuon\APmuon ) \sim 10^{-50} $    \\
	    \circled{2} NP can enhance  $\mathcal{B}$.  \\			
        \circled{3} Nature still hides $\Ptauon\to\Pmuon\Pmuon\APmuon$ from us.\\
        \circled{4} Current limits:
        \begin{center}
              \begin{tabular}{| l | l |}
	\hline   Experiment & $90\%$ CL limit \\      
	\hline           
  	\hline   BaBar & $3.3 \times 10^{-8}$ \\              
   	\hline   Belle & $2.1 \times 10^{-8}$ \\   	
   	\hline
\end{tabular} 
\end{center}
	\circled{5} Can a hadron collider change the picture? \\
\end{block}







\end{center}
}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Analysis approach}
\begin{columns}
\column{2.5in}
$\mathcal{B}$ factories


\column{2.5in}
LHCb, ($7 TeV$, 2011 data)



\end{columns}
\begin{columns}
\column{2.5in}


\begin{block}{}
		\circled{1} Clean signal: $\APelectron\Pelectron\to\APtauon\Ptauon$    \\
		\circled{2} Calculate the thrust axis   \\
		\circled{3} "Partial tag" the other $\tau$    \\
		\circled{4} Small cross section $0.919nb$     \\
\end{block}
\column{2.5in}

\begin{block}{}
		\circled{1} Inclusive $\tau$ cross section: \newline $79.5\pm\unit{8.3}{\micro\barn}$.   \\
		\circled{2} $8 \times 10^{10} \tau$ produced. \\
		\circled{3} Dominant contribution: \newline $\PDs\to\Ptau\Pnut$ ($78\%$)   \\
		\circled{4} No tag possible.   \\
\end{block}



\end{columns}


\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Strategy}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Loose cut based selection
\item Classification in 3D space:
\begin{itemize}
\item invariant mass
\item decay topology\newline (multivariate)
\item particle identification\newline (multivariate)
\end{itemize}
\item Classifier trained on simulation
\item Calibration with control channel
\item Normalization with $\PDs \to \phi(\mu \mu) \pi$
\item CLs method to extract the result
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}

\begin{block}{Signal \& Calibration \& Background channel}
\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{topos}
\newline
\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{topob2.png}
\end{block}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5


\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Signal likelihoods}
\begin{columns}\begin{column}{.48\textwidth}
\begin{block}{particle identification}
\begin{itemize}
\item hits in muon chambers
\item energy in calorimeters
\begin{itemize}
\item compatible with MIP
\end{itemize}
\item RICH response
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\begin{exampleblock}{Calibration}
$\PJpsi\to\APmuon\Pmuon$
\end{exampleblock}
\includegraphics[width=.88\textwidth]{./Fig1b_pidbinning3}
\end{column}

\begin{column}{.48\textwidth}

\begin{block}{3 body decay likelihood}
\begin{itemize}
\item vertex properties
\begin{itemize}
\item vertex fit, pointing
\end{itemize}
\item track quality
\item isolation
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\begin{exampleblock}{Calibration}
$\PDs\to\Pphi\Ppi$
\end{exampleblock}
\includegraphics[width=.88\textwidth]{./Fig1a_geobinning3}
\end{column}

\end{columns}





\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Signal likelihoods}
\begin{columns}\begin{column}{.48\textwidth}
\begin{block}{particle identification}
\begin{itemize}
\item hits in muon chambers
\item energy in calorimeters
\begin{itemize}
\item compatible with MIP
\end{itemize}
\item RICH response
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\begin{exampleblock}{Calibration}
$\PJpsi\to\APmuon\Pmuon$\\
\end{exampleblock}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{pic/Fig4b.pdf}
\end{column}

\begin{column}{.48\textwidth}

\begin{block}{3 body decay likelihood}
\begin{itemize}
\item vertex properties
\begin{itemize}
\item vertex fit, pointing
\end{itemize}
\item track quality
\item isolation
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\begin{exampleblock}{Calibration}
$\PDs\to\Pphi\Ppi$
\end{exampleblock}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{pic/Fig4a.pdf}
\end{column}

\end{columns}





\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \underbrace{•}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Normalization channel $\PDs^{+}\to\Pphi(\APmuon\Pmuon)\Ppiplus$}
\begin{block}{Produced $\tau$ leptons}
\vspace{-.3cm}
\begin{align*}
\mathcal{B}(\tau\to\mu\mu\mu)=\underbrace{\frac{\sigma(pp\to\PDs\to\Ptau)}{\sigma(pp\to\Ptau)}}_\text{$77.9\%$} \frac{\mathcal{B}(\PDs\to\Pphi(\Pmu\Pmu)\Ppi)}{\mathcal{B}(\PDs\to\Ptau\Pnut)}    \frac{\varepsilon_{norm}}{\varepsilon_{sig}}\frac{N_{\tau\to\mu\mu\mu}}{N_{\PDs\to\Pphi(\Pmu\Pmu)\Ppi}}
\end{align*}
\end{block}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pic/LHCb_logo.jpg}\hspace{.5em}
\texttt{arxiv:1304.4518}

\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pic/1a.pdf}

\end{center}

\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Invariant mass}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{.8\textwidth}

\begin{itemize}
\item background estimation in sidebands
\item different signal likelihood inside signal region
\end{itemize}

\end{column}


\end{columns}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{.65\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./masssim}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{.35\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Mass resolution and mass scale calibrated on data
\item \textcolor{yellow}{Blinded window}
\item \textcolor{orange}{Mass window}
\item Mass resolution: $9.16 MeV$
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}

\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{$D_s \to \eta(\mu\mu\gamma)\mu\nu$ background}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{1.\textwidth}

\begin{itemize}
\item One of the main source of irreducible background for$3\mu$ is $D_s \to \eta(\mu\mu\gamma)\mu\nu$
\item We simulated sample corresponding to $5fb^{-1}$ to get the corresponding pdfs.

\end{itemize}

\end{column}


\end{columns}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pic/Fig7.pdf}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
%\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{}
\begin{itemize}
\item $\frac{1}{3}$ of events in the sensitive bins are coming from this decay.
\item Pdfs looked to much like combinatorial background.
\item We decided to cut this background away by using di-muon cut $M(\mu\mu)>480MeV$.
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}


\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{$D \to K \pi \pi$ background}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{1.\textwidth}

\begin{itemize}
\item In the lowest PID bin we saw $D \to K \pi \pi$ with 3 miss-ID.
\item Bins that suffer from this background are not taken into account in limit calculations.
\item Negligible impact on the limit.


\end{itemize}

\end{column}


\end{columns}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pic/Fig8b.pdf}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
%\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pic/Fig8a.pdf}

\end{column}
\end{columns}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}

\end{frame}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Signal likelihoods}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{.8\textwidth}
\begin{block}{combined signal distribution}
\begin{itemize}
\item events distributed over 25 likelihood bins
\item background estimate from mass sidebands

\end{itemize}
\end{block}
Signal efficiency in 3-BODY BDT vs PID BDT plane.
\end{column}
\begin{column}{.2\textwidth}



\end{column}

\end{columns}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{.65\textwidth}
%\only<1>{\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./2d-data2.pdf}}
\only{\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pic/Fig6.pdf}}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{.35\textwidth}
%\begin{itemize}

\end{column}
\end{columns}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}

\end{frame}


\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Observed events}

\begin{columns}
\column{3in}
\only{\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pic/2a.pdf}}


\column{2in}
\begin{itemize}
\item Analysis performed blinded.
\item No evidence of signal seen after unbinding.
\item Used Cls method for limit extraction.
\end{itemize}

\end{columns}



\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Extracted upper limit}
\begin{columns}\begin{column}{.8\textwidth}

\vspace{1.0cm}

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
          &   \text{observed}   &  \text{expected} & \text{CL} \\
\hline
$\mathcal{B}(\Ptau\to\Pmu\Pmu\Pmu)$  & $8.0\times 10 ^{-8}$ & $8.3\times 10^{-8}$  & $90\%$\\
          &   $  8.0\times 10 ^{-8}$ & $10.2\times 10^{-8}$  & $95\%$ \\ 
\hline
\end{tabular}



\end{column}
\begin{column}{.2\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{pic/LHCb_logo.jpg}
\hspace{.5em}$\unit{1}{\reciprocal\femtobarn}$

\texttt{arxiv:} \texttt{1304.4518}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{.65\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pic/3a.pdf}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{.04\textwidth}

\end{column}
\begin{column}{.35\textwidth}


\end{column}
\end{columns}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% tau2pmumu


\subsection{$\Ptauon\to\APproton\Pmuon\APmuon$}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Curent status}


\frametitle{LNV \& BNV in $\Ptauon$ sector}%$\PBminus\to h^{+}\ell^{-}\ell^{-}$}
\only<1>{
\Large{$\Ptauon\to\APproton\Pmuon\APmuon$}
\newline \Large{$\Ptauon\to\Pproton\Pmuon\Pmuon$}
}
\only<2>{
 \begin{block}
        
        \circled{1}  Search for baryon number violation processes so far unsuccessful, but must have occurred in the early universe \\
        \circled{2}  Decay fall into $\vert B -L \vert =0$ category, which is predicted by many NP models.\\
      \circled{3}  Similar decays $\Ptauon \to \Lambda \Plepton^{-}$, previous studied in $\mathcal{B}$ factories. \\
        \circled{4}  Two possible decay and new physics modes:  $\Ptauon\to\APproton\Pmuon\APmuon$, $\Ptauon\to\Pproton\Pmuon\Pmuon$. \\
        \circled{5}  Analysis adopted from  $\Ptauon\to\Pmuon\Pmuon\APmuon$ \\
    \end{block}
}

\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}\frametitle{Curent status}


\frametitle{Differences}%$\PBminus\to h^{+}\ell^{-}\ell^{-}$}

\begin{columns}
\column{2.9in}
\begin{center}
 Mass distribution 
\newline \includegraphics[scale=0.18]{mass_bins}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize}
 
\item Use the same $\mathcal{M}_{3body}$ BDT as for $\Ptauon\to\Pmuon\Pmuon\APmuon$
\item Insead of PID BDT use hard PID cut optimised on MC and Data.
\item Worse normalization factor, due to hard PID cuts.
\item Only combinatorical background expected.
\end{itemize}

\column{2.2in}
\vspace{0.4cm}
\begin{scriptsize}

 3-body BDT distribution for $\Ptauon\to\APproton\Pmuon\APmuon$
\newline \includegraphics[scale=0.22]{BDTbins_postPID_OS}
\newline 3-body BDT distributiion for $\Ptauon\to\Pproton\Pmuon\Pmuon$
\newline \includegraphics[scale=0.22]{BDTbins_postPID_SS}
\end{scriptsize}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}

\end{columns}

\end{frame}



\begin{frame}\frametitle{Background Fits}
\begin{center}
\only<1>{
\Large $\Ptauon\to\Pproton\Pmuon\Pmuon$
\newline 
\begin{columns}
\column{2.5in}
\includegraphics[scale=0.22]{SS/geo0p4_0p7.png}
\small \newline 3-body BDT $(0.4,0.7)$
\column{2.5in}
\includegraphics[scale=0.22]{SS/geo0p7_1p1.png}
 \small \newline 3-body BDT $(0.7,1.0)$
\end{columns}
}
\only<2>{

 \Large $\Ptauon\to\APproton\Pmuon\APmuon$
\newline 
\begin{columns}
\column{2.5in}
 \includegraphics[scale=0.22]{OS/geo0p4_0p7.png}
 \small \newline 3-body BDT $(0.4,0.7)$
\column{2.5in}
 \includegraphics[scale=0.22]{OS/geo0p7_1p1.png}
 \small \newline 3-body BDT $(0.7,1.0)$
\end{columns}
}
\end{center}
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Limits on \textcolor{green}{$\Ptauon\to\APproton\Pmuon\APmuon$} and \textcolor{red}{$\Ptauon\to\Pproton\Pmuon\Pmuon$}}
\begin{center}
\colorbox{green}{\includegraphics[scale=0.22]{OS_banan_un}}
\colorbox{red}{\includegraphics[scale=0.22]{SS_banan_un}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
\hline
 CL         &   \text{Observed}   &  \text{Expected} \\
\hline
\hline
$90\%$  & \textcolor{green}{$3.3 \times 10^{-7}$} \textcolor{red}{ $4.4 \times 10^{-7}$} & \textcolor{green}{$4.6 \times 10^{-7}$} \textcolor{red}{ $5.4 \times 10^{-7}$}  \\
\hline
$95\%$  & \textcolor{green}{$4.3 \times 10^{-7}$} \textcolor{red}{ $5.9 \times 10^{-7}$} & \textcolor{green}{$5.9 \times 10^{-7}$} \textcolor{red}{ $6.9 \times 10^{-7}$}  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}


\end{center}
\Large First time measured!!

\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%55
\section{Model dependence}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Plans for future}
\begin{itemize}
\item Almost all LFV models are based on flat phase space simulation.
\end{itemize}
\begin{exampleblock}{Minimal Lepton Flavour Violation Model\footnote{arXiv:0707.0988}}
\begin{itemize}
\item In effective-field-theory we introduce new operators that at electro-weak scale are compatible with $SU(2)_L \times U(1)$.
\item Left handed lepton doublets add right handed lepton singlets follow the group symmetry: $G_{LF} = SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_E$.
\item LFV arises from breaking this group.
\item We focus on three operators that have dominant contribution to NP:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Purely left handed iterations: $(\overline{L} \gamma_{\mu} L)(\overline{L} \gamma^{\mu} L)$
\item Mix term: $(\overline{R}\gamma_{\mu} R)(\overline{L} \gamma^{\mu} L)$
\item Radiative operator: $g'(\overline{L}H\sigma_{\mu\nu}R)B^{\mu\nu}$
\end{enumerate}
\end{itemize}
 \end{exampleblock}	

\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Dalitz plot for different scenarios}

\begin{center}
\begin{columns}
\column{1.6in}
{~}$(\overline{L} \gamma_{\mu} L)(\overline{L} \gamma^{\mu} L)$\\
	{~}\includegraphics[scale=0.22]{images/gammallll.png}

\column{1.6in}
$(\overline{R}\gamma_{\mu} R)(\overline{L} \gamma^{\mu} L)$\\
	 \includegraphics[scale=0.22]{images/gammallrr.png}
\column{1.6in}
$g'(\overline{L}H\sigma_{\mu\nu}R)B^{\mu\nu}$\\
	 \includegraphics[scale=0.22]{images/gammarad.png}

\end{columns}
\end{center}


\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Summary}


{~}
\begin{block}{}
        \circled{1}  LFV and BNV still hidden from us. \\
        \circled{2}  First upper limits for $\tau$ LFV and LNV in hadron colliders. \\
        \circled{3} LHCb catching up $\mathcal{B}$ factories. \\
        \circled{4} First search for $\mathcal{B}(\tau \to \Pproton \mu \mu)$ .
		 \circled{5} Very interesting studies about model dependence ongoing.

    \end{block}
 
\begin{center} \center Thank you for your attention. \end{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\begin{small} Work partially funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the "Diamond Grant"  \end{small}
%\center \Large Thank you for attention.
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}


 \center \Huge{Backup Slides}


%\center \Large Thank you for attention.
\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
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\textref{M.Chrz\k{a}szcz 2013}
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